Cashew nuts are one of the most sought-after agricultural commodities in the global market, and Nigeria ranks among the leading producers. Raw Cashew Nuts (RCN) serve as the primary raw material for the cashew processing industry, producing high-quality cashew kernels widely used in the food, confectionery, and snack industries. The growing demand for cashew nuts has placed Nigeria at the forefront of international trade, supplying premium-quality RCN to major processing hubs in India, Vietnam, and the European Union.

Industry Overview

The global cashew nut industry operates through a structured supply chain, starting from cashew farming to processing and export. Nigeria plays a crucial role in the industry, contributing significantly to global raw cashew production. The country’s favorable climate, skilled farmers, and high-quality yields make Nigerian cashew nuts a preferred choice for processors.
The cashew market is driven by kernel outturn ratio (KOR), nut count, and overall quality, all of which determine the pricing and demand for raw cashew nuts. Nigerian cashew nuts are well-regarded for their high KOR (50+ lbs), lower moisture content, and large nut size, making them an attractive option for international buyers.

Cashew Farming

Cashew farming in Nigeria is concentrated in regions such as Kogi, Oyo, Kwara, Benue, and Enugu, where the climate supports optimal growth. The trees thrive in tropical conditions and take approximately three to five years to start producing nuts. The harvesting season typically runs from February to May, during which farmers manually collect, dry, and sort the nuts before they are sold to exporters.
Once harvested, raw cashew nuts undergo a meticulous sorting and grading process to ensure only the highest-quality nuts reach the export market. Farmers and suppliers work closely with quality control teams to minimize foreign matter, moisture content, and defective nuts, ensuring compliance with international standards.

Processing & Manufacturing

After export, raw cashew nuts undergo several stages of processing before they are ready for consumption. The process includes:
1. Steaming & Shelling – The outer shell is softened using steam to make it easier to remove.
2. Cutting & Extraction – The shell is carefully cut open to extract the cashew kernel inside.
3. Drying & Peeling – The kernels are dried and peeled to remove the thin outer skin.
4. Grading & Sorting – The processed kernels are sorted by size, color, and quality.
5. Packaging & Storage – The final kernels are vacuum-sealed for preservation and distribution.
Processed cashew kernels are used in snacks, baked goods, confectionery, and health foods, making them one of the most valuable agricultural exports from Nigeria.

Quality Standards & Specifications

To meet global export standards, Nigerian raw cashew nuts adhere to strict specifications, ensuring premium quality:
• Nut Count: 165 – 190 nuts per kg
• Kernel Outturn Ratio (KOR): 50 lbs and above
• Moisture Content: Maximum 10%
• Foreign Matter: Less than 1%
• Defective Nuts: Maximum 8%
Maintaining these standards ensures Nigerian cashew nuts remain competitive in international markets. Buyers from India, Vietnam, and Europe consistently seek Nigerian RCN due to its superior taste, high kernel yield, and consistent quality.

Market Demand & Export Destinations

Nigeria is one of the top five global exporters of raw cashew nuts, supplying major international markets, including:
• India – The largest cashew processor, importing over 700,000 metric tons of RCN annually.
• Vietnam – A major processing hub, importing over 500,000 metric tons of RCN every year.
• Europe & the U.S. – Increasing demand for processed cashew kernels in snacks, confectionery, and gourmet food industries.
The cashew industry in Nigeria continues to expand, driven by government initiatives, improved farming techniques, and increased access to global markets. Spyder Exim Nig. Ltd is at the forefront of this growth, ensuring seamless sourcing, export logistics, and superior product quality.